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The plant landscape of Monte Pisano is characterized by a predominant forest component, with  Pinus pinaster  and  Castanea sativa , of clear anthropic imprint. Another important component is constituted by dynamically advanced scrubs and woods of evergreen sclerophylls of natural origin, although often differently altered by the anthropic action and/or by fires, and dominated by  Quercus ilex .  Quercus suber  is often found within holm oak woods, and – with lower frequency – inside the pine forests. Cork oak, in some cases, becomes dominant going to constitute the northernmost cork forests in Tuscany. The frequency of fires in Monte Pisano in the last decades seems to have led to an increase in  Q. suber  surface due to its known resilience to wildfires. The aim of this research is: a) to define the distribution of  Q. suber  in the area also in relation to repeated fire events in the past; b) to provide an updated characterization of these stands using a phytosociological approach; c) to identify stands and groups of trees that can be used as "seed forests" for post-fire forest restoration purpose, in relation to their marginal population characteristic. The study suggests a relationship between the spread of cork oak and the historical pattern of fires. This wide spread should be protected by forms of forest management unfortunately absent in this territory.

Cork oak ( Quercus suber ) in the dynamism of a forest landscape shaped by fire on Monte Pisano (Tuscany N-W, Italy)