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This paper represents the first syntaxonomic study on the  Pinus nigra  subsp.  nigra  artificial stands in the Apennines. It refers exclusively to the mature  Pinus nigra  forest plantations in the central Apennines that were planted before the 1950s, and then not managed. The mature  Pinus nigra  forest plantations in the central Apennines are distributed within four National Parks, on limestone substrata, mainly with southern aspects and rugged slopes, and at elevations ranging from 655 m to 1670 m a.s.l.. Two new phytosociological associations are described here and classified in the alliance  Junipero communis–Pinion nigra e:  Orthilio secundae–Pinetum nigra e and  Digitalidi micranthae–Pinetum nigra e. The association  Orthilio secundae–Pinetum nigra e comprises the relative mesophilous mature pine forests of the supratemperate thermotype in the plant landscape context of the alliance  Aremonio agrimonioidis–Fagion sylvaticae  potential vegetation belt. The  Digitalidi micranthae–Pinetum nigra e comprises the thermophilous pine forests occurring on rocky stands within mesotemperate and lower supratemperate thermotypes in the potential belt of alliance  Carpinion orientalis  woods. The comparison of these two new associations and the phytosociological literature concerning the natural communities of  Pinus nigra  in the Apennines highlights their floristic and coenological autonomy.

The oldest Pinus nigra plantations in the central Apennines: distribution and floristic-vegetational characterisation