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Ardissonea    was resurrected from    Synedra    in 1986 and was included as a genus by Round, Crawford and Mann (“The Diatoms”) in its own Family and Order. They commented that there might be several genera involved since the type species of the genus possesses a double-walled structure and other taxa placed in    Ardissonea    have only a single-walled structure. Two other genera of “big sticks,”    Toxarium    and    Climacosphenia   , were placed in their own Families and Orders but share many characters with   Ardissoneaceae  , especially growth from a bifacial annulus. Eighteen taxa (11 new species) from Micronesia were compared with the literature and remnant material from Grunow’s Honduras    Sargassum    sample to address the concepts of    Ardissonea    and   Ardissoneaceae  . Phylogenetic and morphological analyses showed three clades within    Ardissonea    sensu lato:    Ardissonea    emend. for the double-walled taxa,    Synedrosphenia    emend. and    Ardissoneopsis    gen. nov.  for single-walled taxa. New species include    Ardissonea   densistriata    sp. nov .;    Synedrosphenia   bikarensis    sp. nov .,    S.   licmophoropsis    sp. nov. ,    S.   parva    sp. nov. , and    S.   recta    sp. nov .;    Ardissoneopsis   fulgicans    sp. nov. ,    A.   appressata    sp. nov. , and    A.   gracilis    sp. nov.  Transfers include    Synedrosphenia   crystallina    comb. nov . and    S.   fulgens    comb. nov .    Synedra   undosa   , seen for the first time in SEM in Grunow’s material, is transferred to    Ardissoneopsis   undosa    comb. nov.  Three more genera have similar structure:    Toxarium   ,    Climacosphenia    and    Grunowago    gen. nov. , erected for    Synedra   bacillaris    and a lanceolate species,    G.   pacifica    sp. nov.  Morphological characters of    Toxarium    in our region support separation of    Toxarium   hennedyanum    and    T.   undulatum    and suggest additional species here and elsewhere.    Climacosphenia   moniligera    was not found but we clarify its characters based on the literature and distinguish    C.   soulonalis    sp. nov.  from it.    Climacosphenia   elongata    and a very long, slender    C.   elegantissima    sp. nov. , previously identified as    C.   elongata   , were present along with    C.   scimiter   . Morphological and molecular phylogenetics strongly suggested that all these genera belong in one family and we propose to include them in the Ardissoneacae and to reinstate the Order   Ardissoneales   Round.

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﻿Revision of   Ardissoneaceae   (  Bacillariophyta  ,   Mediophyceae  ) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera,    Ardissoneopsis    and    Grunowago   , and new species in    Ardissonea   ,    Synedrosphenia    and    Climacosphenia

﻿Revision of Ardissoneaceae ( Bacillariophyta , Mediophyceae ) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago , and new species in Ardissonea , Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia

Revision of Ardissoneaceae ( Bacillariophyta , Mediophyceae ) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago , and new species in Ardissonea , Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia