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Covering 560.14 hectares in the south-east of Benin, the Ewe-Adakplame Relic Forest ( EARF ) is a micro-refugium that shows insular characteristics within the Dahomey Gap. It is probably one of the last remnants of tropical rain forest that would have survived the late Holocene dry period. Based on intensive field investigations through 25 plots (10 × 50 m size) and matching of herbarium specimens, a checklist of 185 species of vascular plant belonging to 54 families and 142 genera is presented for this forest. In addition to the name for each taxon, we described the life form following Raunkiaer’s definitions, chorology as well as threats to habitat. The   Rubiaceae   family was the richest (20 species) followed by the   Fabaceae   (15 species). Life forms showed the preponderance of phanerophytes (88%). The Chorological spectrum was dominated by Guineo-Congolean species (66%). Species richness estimated were 200.52 ± 9.2808 for  Bootstrap ; 217.62 ± 14.5972; 224.16 ± 15.3725 and 242.67 respectively for  Chao ,  Jacknife1  and  Jacknife2 .  Bootstrap  appears to be the estimation closer to the field records. In Benin,  EARF  is home for    Rinorea    species described as West African forest bio-indicators and single location for    Nesogordonia   papaverifera   ,    Mansonia   altissima   ,    Englerophytum   oblanceolatum   ,    Octolobus   spectabilis   ,    Vitex   micrantha    and most of    Drypeteae    tribe species (   Drypetes   aframensis   ,    Drypetes   afzelii   ,    Drypetes   gilgiana    and    Drypetes   leonensis   ) recorded in Benin. Our results provides baseline information for further in-depth analysis of vegetation history in Benin by raising the question on the past floristic connection of the Dahomey gap and community engagement in conservation.

A checklist of vascular plants of Ewe-Adakplame Relic Forest in Benin, West Africa