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The   Dioclea   clade comprises four genera and aproximately 60 species of the tribe Diocleae:    Cleobulia    (4 species),    Cymbosema    (1),    Dioclea    (ca. 50),    Luzonia    (1) and    Macropsychanthus    (3–4).    Dioclea    has been demonstrated to be a non-monophyletic genus, but low sampling in previous phylogenetic studies hampered the adoption of new taxonomic arrangements. We carried out densely sampled phylogenetic analyses of the   Dioclea   clade using molecular markers that had performed well in previous studies: the ITS and ETS nuclear ribosomal regions and the plastid  trnK/matK . Our results support the maintenance of the genera    Cleobulia    and    Cymbosema    with their current circumscriptions, but confirmed the polyphyly of    Dioclea   , with its species falling into three different positions: (1) the puzzling species,    Dioclea   paniculata   , was highly supported as a member of the   Galactia   clade; (2)   Dioclea   subg.   Dioclea   appeared as sister to a clade composed of    Cleobulia    and    Cymbosema   ; and (3) the species of    Dioclea    subgenera    Pachylobium    and    Platylobium    composed a paraphyletic grade nesting the genera    Luzonia    and    Macropsychanthus   . We thus propose that the circumscription of    Dioclea    should be restricted to   Dioclea   subg.   Dioclea  , with 13 species and that the limits of    Macropsychanthus    should be widened to include the genus    Luzonia   , as well as the    Dioclea    subgenera    Pachylobium    and    Platylobium   , with 46 species. Taxonomic summaries, new combinations and synonyms are presented for all genera of the   Dioclea   clade.    Cleobulia   and   Cymbosema    were retained in their original circumscriptions. We presented an illustrated taxonomic conspectus of all genera of the   Dioclea   clade including 44 new combinations, one new name, ten new synonyms, two re-established holotypes, 38 lectotypes, two epitypes and one neotype.

Revisiting the taxonomy of Dioclea and related genera ( Leguminosae , Papilionoideae ), with new generic circumscriptions