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The genus    Polyalthiopsis    Chaowasku (  Annonaceae  ) was a poorly known monotypic genus from Vietnam that was recently segregated from the highly polyphyletic genus    Polyalthia    s.l. The sister clade relationship between    Polyalthiopsis    and    Miliusa    was not well established in previous study. The phylogenetic position of two    Polyalthia    spp. from China,    P.   chinensis    S.K.Wu ex P.T.Li and    P.   verrucipes    C.Y.Wu ex P.T.Li, remains unresolved and is shown here to be phylogenetically affiliated with    Polyalthiopsis   . Phylogenetic analyses of six chloroplast regions ( mat K,  ndh F,  psb A- trn H,  rbc L,  trn L-F and  ycf 1; ca.7.3 kb, 60 accessions) unambiguously placed    Polyalthia   chinensis    and    P.   verrucipes    in the same clade with    Polyalthiopsis   floribunda    (PP = 1,  MP  BS  = 97%); the entire clade is sister to    Miliusa    with weak to strong support (PP = 1,  MP  BS  = 54%).    Polyalthia   chinensis    and    P.   verrucipes    share several diagnostic characters with    Polyalthiopsis   floribunda   , including the raised midrib on the upper surface of the leaf  in vivo , conspicuous foliar glands when dried, petiole with transverse striations when dried and axillary inflorescences. The two species differ from    Polyalthiopsis   floribunda    in having fewer flowers per inflorescence, longer linear petals and two ovules per carpel. On the basis of the combined molecular phylogenetic and morphological data, we propose two new combinations,    Polyalthiopsis   chinensis    (S.K.Wu ex P.T.Li) B.Xue &amp; Y.H.Tan and    Polyalthiopsis   verrucipes    (C.Y.Wu ex P.T.Li) B.Xue &amp; Y.H.Tan. The protologue of    Polyalthia   verrucipes    did not include a description of the flowers, which we provide here. An updated description for the genus    Polyalthiopsis    and a key to species in the genus    Polyalthiopsis    is also provided.

From Polyalthia to Polyalthiopsis ( Annonaceae ): transfer of species enlarges a previously monotypic genus