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Calamagrostis    (syn.    Deyeuxia   ), as traditionally circumscribed, is one of the most speciose genera from páramo grasslands of northwest South America and southern Central America and often dominates these high-elevation habitats. However, it remains difficult for researchers to accurately identify the species due to a lack of floristic treatments for most of the countries containing páramo, with the distribution of many species still very poorly known. In an effort to ameliorate this, we present an updated list and identification keys in English and Spanish (as electronic appendix) to the species of    Calamagrostis    s.l. known or likely to occur in the páramos of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica and Panama. Fifty-four species are accepted, constituting 47 species currently circumscribed in    Calamagrostis    and seven species recently transferred to    Deschampsia   . Included within this are two new species,    Calamagrostis   crispifolius    and    Deschampsia   santamartensis   , which are described and illustrated. Both new species are found in páramos of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (departamento Magdalena), on the northernmost tip of Colombia, with    C.   crispifolius    also found in the Serrania de Perija on the border with Venezuela.    Calamagrostis   crispifolius    differs from all other species of    Calamagrostis    s.l. by the presence of strongly curled, readily deciduous leaf blades, amongst numerous other characteristics including open inflorescences with generally patent branches, small spikelets, (3.5–)4–5.5 mm long, with sessile florets and a rachilla prolongation reaching from 2/3 to almost the apex of the lemma, with short hairs (&lt; 1 mm long).    Deschampsia   santamartensis    is similar to    Deschampsia   hackelii    (=   Calamagrostis   hackelii   ) from austral South America but differs by its broad, rigid and erect, strongly conduplicate blades, 1.5–2.5 mm wide when folded, ligules of innovations 0.5–1 mm long, truncate or obtuse, ligules of upper flowering culms 3–4 mm long, broadly shouldered with an attenuate central point, ellipsoid spike-like panicle, 3–5.5 long × 1.5–2.5 cm wide, lemma surfaces moderately to lightly scabrous between the veins, lemma apex acute to muticous, entire, rachilla extension often absent and inside of the floret often with hyaline shiny sinuous trichomes to 1 mm long, emerging from the base of the ovary. We also present a broader circumscription of the common species    Deschampsia   podophora    (=   Calamagrostis   podophora   ), with the new variety   D.   podophora   var.   mutica   described and illustrated.   Deschampsia   podophora   var.   mutica   principally differs from var.podophora   by florets lacking awns and larger habit i.e. multiple taller culms with longer and wider leaf blades forming tussocks, with inflorescences often held within sheaths. Nomenclatural changes are presented, with    Deyeuxia   macrostachya    newly synonymised under    C.   macrophylla    and    C.   pittieri   ,    C.   pubescens    and    Deyeuxia   pubescens    newly synonimised under    C.   planifolia   . Lectotypes are designated for    Agrostis   antoniana   ,    Calamagrostis   pisinna   ,    Deyeuxia   macrostachya    and    Deyeuxia   sodiroana   . We also document and give notes on five new records of    Calamagrostis    for Colombia:    C.   carchiensis   ,    C.   guamanensis   ,    C.   heterophylla   ,    C.   pisinna    and    C.   rigida   .

phytokeys

Páramo    Calamagrostis    s.l. (  Poaceae  ): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in páramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia