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Aim : This study compared semen quality,  FSH ,  LH , and Testosterone levels in infertile males among smokers and non-smokers and semen quality among alcoholics and non alcoholics.Methods : A literature search was conducted across five databases in December 2021. The search for this article uses specific keywords tailored to each search database’s specifications.Results : A total of 15 studies with 12,503 infertile male participants included in this study. 8,025 were non-smokers, 4,477 were smokers, 210 were alcoholics and 407 were non alcoholics. The effect of tobacco smoking on sperm were more significant in smokers than in non-smokers. Alcohol consumption affects the quality and quantity of semen. Both tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption combined may amplify their negative effects toward semen parameters.Conclusion : Smoking and alcohol has a detrimental impact on conventional semen characteristics. Due to the harmful effects of both factors, men seeking reproduction should be advised to avoid these habits.

pharmacia

Effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on semen quality and hormone reproductive levels in infertile males: A systematic review and meta analysis