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The mammal community of the Coastal Range of southern Chile has been little studied even though they inhabit an environment under severe threats due to anthropic disturbance. During the spring-summer seasons of 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, we characterized the communities of wild terrestrial mammals in a native forest ( NF ) and an exotic plantation of    Eucalyptus    (PL) of the Coastal Range of Osorno province by phototrapping. We used 1,060 camera-trap days in the  NF  and 960 camera-trap days in the PL to explore the effect of habitat type on wild mammal diversity in two localities (L-1 and L-2). We quantified the species richness, abundance, community similarity and daily distribution of mammal communities. Species richness was higher in the  NF  (7–8 spp) than in the PL (3–4 spp). Two community similarity index ( CSI ) was significantly higher between native forests ( CSI  = 0.728 ± 0.088) than between    Eucalyptus    plantations ( CSI  = 0.211 ± 0.097) (95% CI). Mean abundance was also higher in the  NF  than in the PL (L-1: 0.011 vs. 0.004 occurrence/camera-trap day (OCT); L-2: 0.008 vs. 0.004 OCT). In L-1, the most abundant mammals in the  NF  were    Leopardus   guigna    (45.3% of relative occurrence ( RO )) and    Pudu   puda    (18.9%  RO ), and in the PL, they were    Lycalopex   culpaeus    (50%  RO ) and    L.   guigna    (37.5%  RO ). In L-2, the highest abundances in the  NF  were for    P.   puda    (34.5%  RO ) and    Puma   concolor    (27.6%  RO ), while in the PL,    P.   puda    was predominant (66.7%  RO ). In  NF  of both localities, 22.2% of melanic    L.   guigna    individuals were observed. The highest frequency of occurrences in both locations was between 12:00 and 23:59 hours, with 60% and 76.9% of detections, respectively. The species richness found in native forest is in accordance with studies carried out in other temperate rainforests of southern Chile. In addition, native forests support a richer and more similar community of terrestrial mammals than exotic forest plantations, which indicates that native forests are the main habitat for most mammals detected and that exotic plantations function as a complementary habitat for some species.

﻿Comparing diversity of the terrestrial mammal communities inhabiting native forests and exotic plantations in southern Chile

Comparing diversity of the terrestrial mammal communities inhabiting native forests and exotic plantations in southern Chile