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Gorgonian corals of Karimunjawa are impacted by anthropogenic activities, such as increasingly high mariculture intensity with consequent eutrophication, overfishing, tourism, sewage, and other pollutant discharges, which result in changes in the microbial community structure. In this study, bacterial communities associated with six species of Gorgonian,    Viminella    sp.,    Ellisella    sp.,    Antipathes    sp.,    Melithaea    sp.,    Astrogorgia    sp., and    Junceella    sp. from both the Marine Protected Area ( MPA ) and non-Marine Protected Area ( non-MPA ) zones were screened for their antipathogenic potential against Urinary Tract Infections ( UTIs ) pathogens. The selected bacterial isolates were identified and compared for their abundance and diversity between the two zones. A total of 156 bacterial strains were assayed for their prospective antipathogenic compounds against seven UTI pathogens, including    Staphylococcus   aureus   ,    Escherichia   coli   ,    Pseudomonas   aeruginosa   ,    Streptococcus   saptophyticus   ,    Acinetobacter   baumannii   ,    Klebsiella   pneumonia   , and    Candida   albicans   . The results showed that 17 of 92 (18.48%) and 6 of 64 (9.37%) bacterial isolates from  MPA  and  non-MPA , respectively, exhibited antimicrobial activity in at least one of the UTI pathogens. By analyzing the gene of 16S rRNA, it was discovered that the 17 isolates of  MPA  were associated with phyla   Actinobacteria  ,   Firmicutes   and   Proteobacteria  , including    Streptomyces   zhaozhoue   ,    Nocardiopsis   salina   ,    Micrococcus   endophyticus   ,    Brevibacterium   casei   ,    Micrococcus   yunnanensis   ,    Saccharopolyspora   coralli   ,    Bacillus   paramycoides   ,    Virgibacillus   salarius   ,    Oceanobacillus   iheyensis   , and    Vibrio   alginolyticus.    In contrast, only six selected isolates of  non-MPA  were associated with the phyla   Actinobacteria   and   Proteobacteria  , including    Nocardiopsis   salina   ,    Micrococcus   yunnanensis   , and    Acinetobacter   soli   . The Diversity Index (H’), Species Richness (S), and Relative Abundance of the  MPA  zone were higher than those of  non-MPA . These results demonstrated that Gorgonian octocoral species in the  MPA  region harbour varied bacteria and we propose that many Gorgonian-associated bacteria have the prospective for advancing broad-spectrum antibiotics.

nature conservation

﻿Biogeographic assessment of Gorgonian-associated bacteria with antipathogenic Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Karimunjawa Marine National Park, Java Sea, Indonesia

﻿Biogeographic assessment of Gorgonian-associated bacteria with antipathogenic Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Karimunjawa Marine National Park, Java Sea, Indonesia

Biogeographic assessment of Gorgonian-associated bacteria with antipathogenic Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Karimunjawa Marine National Park, Java Sea, Indonesia