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Mollisioid fungi, represented by    Mollisia    (Fr.) P. Karst., are characterized by soft, sessile apothecia with globose, dark-celled excipula, hyaline ascospores, and worldwide distribution in temperate regions. Their generic and species delimitation is difficult due to the lack of distinct features, and studies based on DNA sequences are urgently required. Two genera of mollisioid fungi,    Belonopsis    and    Trichobelonium   , comprise relatively few species and are recognized by (0–)1–3-septate ascospores, medullary excipulum composed of loosely interwoven hyphae, and calcium oxalate crystals in the excipulum. Specimens of undescribed species that are morphologically assignable to    Belonopsis    or    Trichobelonium    were collected from various sites in Japan and their assignment to the proper genera was attempted. According to a molecular phylogenetic analysis involving members of   Mollisiaceae   based on concatenated sequences of ITS,  LSU , and  RPB1 , eight taxonomic entities were placed in a strongly supported single clade with    Mollisia   diesbachiana   , separated from the type species of    Belonopsis   ,    B.   excelsior   . A new genus    Neobelonopsis    was thus proposed to accommodate the undescribed species. In this study, eight new species of    Neobelonopsis    and two new species of    Trichobelonium    were described. A new combination was also proposed for    M.   diesbachiana   . The generic distinction of    Neobelonopsis    and    Trichobelonium    was supported by molecular analysis. Some additional characteristics to delimit    Trichobelonium    were identified, such as the presence of anchoring hyphae between the base of the apothecium and subiculum, and the production of abundant crystals and soluble pigments on the colonies. Derivative species of    Neobelonopsis    were found to have multi-septa in ascospores.

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﻿A new genus    Neobelonopsis    and two new species of    Trichobelonium    (  Helotiales  ,   Ascomycota  ) discovered mainly from poaceous grasses native to Asia in Japan

﻿A new genus Neobelonopsis and two new species of Trichobelonium ( Helotiales , Ascomycota ) discovered mainly from poaceous grasses native to Asia in Japan

A new genus Neobelonopsis and two new species of Trichobelonium ( Helotiales , Ascomycota ) discovered mainly from poaceous grasses native to Asia in Japan