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Fusarium    is one of the most important fungal genera of plant pathogens that affect the cultivation of a wide range of crops. Agricultural losses caused by   Fusarium   oxysporum   f.   sp.   cubense   (   Foc   ) directly affect the income, subsistence, and nourishment of thousands of farmers worldwide. For Viet Nam, predictions on the impact of    Foc    for the future are dramatic, with an estimated loss in the banana production area of 8% within the next five years and up to 71% within the next 25 years. In the current study, we applied a combined morphological-molecular approach to assess the taxonomic identity and phylogenetic position of the different    Foc    isolates collected in northern Viet Nam. In addition, we aimed to estimate the proportion of the different    Fusarium    races infecting bananas in northern Viet Nam. The morphology of the isolates was investigated by growing the collected    Fusarium    isolates on four distinct nutritious media ( PDA ,  SNA ,  CLA , and  OMA ). Molecular phylogenetic relationships were inferred by sequencing partial  rpb1 ,  rpb2 , and  tef1a  genes and adding the obtained sequences into a phylogenetic framework. Molecular characterization shows that c. 74% of the    Fusarium    isolates obtained from infected banana pseudostem tissue belong to    F.   tardichlamydosporum   . Compared to    F.   tardichlamydosporum   ,    F.   odoratissimum    accounts for c.10% of the   Fusarium   wilt in northern Viet Nam, demonstrating that    Foc    TR4 is not yet a dominant strain in the region.    Fusarium   cugenangense    – considered to cause Race 2 infections among bananas – is only found in c. 10% of the tissue material that was obtained from infected Vietnamese bananas. Additionally, one of the isolates cultured from diseased bananas was phylogenetically not positioned within the    F.   oxysporum    species complex ( FOSC ), but in contrast, fell within the    Fusarium   fujikuroi    species complex ( FFSC ). As a result, a possible new pathogen for bananas may have been found. Besides being present on several ABB ‘Tay banana’,    F.   tardichlamydosporum    was also derived from infected tissue of a wild    Musa   lutea   , showing the importance of wild bananas as a possible sink for    Foc   .

﻿Diversity of Fusarium associated banana wilt in northern Viet Nam

Diversity of Fusarium associated banana wilt in northern Viet Nam