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The   Chaetosphaeriaceae   are a diverse group of pigmented, predominantly phialidic hyphomycetes comprised of several holomorphic genera including    Chaetosphaeria   , the most prominent genus of the family. Although the morphology of the teleomorphs of the majority of    Chaetosphaeria    is rather uniform, their associated anamorphs primarily exhibit the variability and evolutionary change observed in the genus. An exception from the morphological monotony among    Chaetosphaeria    species is a group characterised by scolecosporous, hyaline to light pink, multiseptate, asymmetrical ascospores and a unique three-layered ascomatal wall.    Paragaeumannomyces   sphaerocellularis   , the type species of the genus, exhibits these morphological traits and is compared with similar    Chaetosphaeria    with craspedodidymum- and chloridium-like synanamorphs. Morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the combined  ITS - 28S  sequences of 35 isolates and vouchers with these characteristics revealed a strongly-supported, morphologically well-delimited clade in the   Chaetosphaeriaceae   containing 16 species. The generic name    Paragaeumannomyces    is applied to this monophyletic clade; eight new combinations and five new species, i.e.    P.   abietinus    sp. nov. ,    P.   elegans    sp. nov. ,    P.   granulatus    sp. nov. ,    P.   sabinianus    sp. nov.  and    P.   smokiensis    sp. nov. , are proposed. A key to    Paragaeumannomyces    is provided. Using morphology, cultivation studies and phylogenetic analyses of  ITS  and  28S  rDNA, two additional new species from freshwater and terrestrial habitats,    Codinaea   paniculata    sp. nov.  and    Striatosphaeria   castanea    sp. nov. , are described in the family. A codinaea-like anamorph of    S.   castanea    forms conidia with setulae at each end in axenic culture; this feature expands the known morphology of    Striatosphaeria   . A chaetosphaeria-like teleomorph is experimentally linked to    Dendrophoma   cytisporoides   , a sporodochial hyphomycete and type species of    Dendrophoma   , for the first time.

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Delimitation, new species and teleomorph-anamorph relationships in    Codinaea   ,    Dendrophoma   ,    Paragaeumannomyces    and    Striatosphaeria    (  Chaetosphaeriaceae  )