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Six new    Micarea    species are described from Europe. Phylogenetic analyses, based on three loci, i.e. mtSSU rDNA,  Mcm7  and ITS rDNA and ancestral state reconstructions, were used to evaluate infra-group divisions and the role of secondary metabolites and selected morphological characters on the taxonomy in the    M.   prasina    group. Two main lineages were found within the group. The    Micarea   micrococca    clade consists of twelve species, including the long-known    M.   micrococca    and the newly described    M.   microsorediata   ,    M.   nigra    and    M.   pauli   . Within this clade, most species produce methoxymicareic acid, with the exceptions of    M.   levicula    and    M.   viridileprosa    producing gyrophoric acid. The    M.   prasina    clade includes the newly described    M.   azorica    closely related to    M.   prasina    s.str.,    M.   aeruginoprasina    sp. nov. and    M.   isidioprasina    sp. nov. The species within this clade are characterised by the production of micareic acid, with the exception of    M.   herbarum    which lacks any detectable substances and    M.   subviridescens    that produces prasinic acid. Based on our reconstructions, it was concluded that the ancestor of the    M.   prasina    group probably had a thallus consisting of goniocysts, which were lost several times during evolution, while isidia and soredia evolved independently at multiple times. Our research supported the view that the ancestor of    M.   prasina    group did not produce any secondary substances, but they were gained independently in different lineages, such as methoxymicareic acid which is restricted to    M.   micrococca    and allied species or micareic acid present in the    M.   prasina    clade.

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Understanding the evolution of phenotypical characters in the    Micarea   prasina    group (  Pilocarpaceae  ) and descriptions of six new species within the group