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Triblidiaceaeis a family of uncommonly encountered, non-lichenized   discomycetes  . A recent classification circumscribed the family to include    Triblidium    (4 spp. and 1 subsp.),    Huangshania    (2 spp.) and    Pseudographis    (2 spp. and 1 var.). The apothecia of these fungi are persistent and drought-tolerant; they possess stromatic, highly melanized covering layers that open and close with fluctuations of humidity. Triblidialean fungi occur primarily on the bark of    Quercus   ,   Pinaceae   and   Ericaceae  , presumably as saprobes. Though the type species of    Huangshania    is from China, these fungi are mostly known from collections originating from Western Hemisphere temperate and boreal forests. The higher-rank classification of triblidialean fungi has been in flux due in part to an overemphasis on ascospore morphology. Muriform ascospores are observed in species of    Triblidium    and in    Pseudographis   elatina   . An intense, dark blue/purple ascospore wall reaction in iodine-based reagents is observed in species of    Pseudographis   . These morphologies have led, in part, to these genera being shuffled among unrelated taxa in   Hysteriaceae   (  Dothideomycetes  ,   Hysteriales  ) and   Graphidaceae   (  Lecanoromycetes  ,   Ostropales  ).   Triblidiaceae   has been placed within the monofamilial order   Triblidiales   (affinity   Lecanoromycetes  ). Here, we demonstrate with a three-gene phylogenetic approach that triblidialean fungi are related to taxa in   Rhytismatales   (  Leotiomycetes  ). We synonymize   Triblidiales   under   Rhytismatales   and emend   Triblidiaceae   to include    Triblidium    and    Huangshania   , with    Pseudographis    placed within   Rhytismataceae  . A history of   Triblidiaceae   is provided along with a description of the emended family. We discuss how the inclusion of triblidialean fungi in   Rhytismatales   brings some rarely observed or even unique ascospore morphologies to the order and to   Leotiomycetes  .

Placement of Triblidiaceae in Rhytismatales and comments on unique ascospore morphologies in Leotiomycetes ( Fungi , Ascomycota )