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P.   tristis    is an ectomycorrhizal, corticioid fungus whose name is frequently assigned to collections of basidiomata as well as root tip and soil samples from a wide range of habitats and hosts across the northern hemisphere. Despite this, its identity is unclear; eight heterotypic taxa have in major reviews of the species been considered synonymous with or morphologically similar to    P.   tristis   , but no sequence data from type specimens have been available.With the aim to clarify the taxonomy, systematics, morphology, ecology and geographical distribution of    P.   tristis    and its morphologically similar species, we studied their type specimens as well as 147 basidiomata collections of mostly North European material.We used gene trees generated in BEAST 2 and PhyML and species trees estimated in STACEY and ASTRAL to delimit species based on the ITS, LSU, Tef1α and mtSSU regions. We enriched our sampling with environmental ITS sequences from the UNITE database.We found the    P.   tristis    group to contain 13 molecularly and morphologically distinct species. Three of these,    P.   tristis   ,    P.   umbrina    and    P.   atrofusca   , are already known to science, while ten species are here described as new:    P.   sciastra    sp. nov. ,    P.   tristoides    sp. nov. ,    P.   umbrinascens    sp. nov. ,    P.   pinophila    sp. nov. ,    P.   alnophila    sp. nov. ,    P.   alobata    sp. nov. ,    P.   pluriloba    sp. nov. ,    P.   abundiloba    sp. nov. ,    P.   rotundispora    sp. nov.  and    P.   media    sp. nov .We discovered    P.   rhizopunctata    and    P.   atrofusca    to form a sister clade to all other species in    P.   tristis    s.l. These two species, unlike all other species in the    P.   tristis    complex, are dimitic.In this study, we designate epitypes for    P.   tristis   ,    P.   umbrina    and    Hypochnopsis   fuscata    and lectotypes for    Auricularia   phylacteris    and    Thelephora   biennis   . We show that the holotype of    Hypochnus   sitnensis    and the lectotype of    Hypochnopsis   fuscata    are conspecific with    P.   tristis   , but in the absence of molecular information we regard    Pseudotomentella   longisterigmata    and    Hypochnus   rhacodium    as doubtful taxa due to their aberrant morphology. We confirm    A.   phylacteris   ,    Tomentella   biennis    and    Septobasidium   arachnoideum    as excluded taxa, since their morphology clearly show that they belong to other genera. A key to the species of the    P.   tristis    group is provided.We found    P.   umbrina    to be a common species with a wide, Holarctic distribution, forming ectomycorrhiza with a large number of host species in habitats ranging from tropical forests to the Arctic tundra. The other species in the    P.   tristis    group were found to be less common and have narrower ecological niches.

mycokeys

Solving the taxonomic identity of    Pseudotomentella   tristis    s.l. (  Thelephorales  ,   Basidiomycota  ) – a multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomic review, integrating ecological and geographical data