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Monitoring of artificial reefs ( ARs ) has been conducted through such methods as visual censuses, surveys using fishing gear, and echo sounder. These methods have disadvantages: visual census is not possible at  ARs  in deeper waters, fishing gear surveys are invasive to fish individuals, and echo sounders have difficulty in species identification. A new AR monitoring method is required to compensate for these disadvantages. While  eDNA  has become a valid monitoring tool for marine biodiversities, it is influenced by degradation and transport of the molecules that affect information about the spatio-temporal distribution of fish. An understanding of the relationship between current fields and  eDNA  distribution, particularly in open waters, is critical when using  eDNA  as an index for fish aggregation at  ARs . We investigated the relationship between  eDNA  distribution and current fields around an AR for four dominant species (   Engraulis   japonicus   ,    Parapristipoma   trilineatum   ,    Scomber    spp and    Trachurus   japonicus   ) in Tateyama Bay, Japan. The highest density of fish schools is formed directly above or at the upstream side of  ARs . If we assume that the center of  eDNA  originates at these locations at an AR and  eDNA  is simply transported by currents, a higher density of  eDNA  would distribute downstream from the AR. However, our results indicate that  eDNA  distribution is in accord with actual fish distribution, namely  eDNA  densities are more abundant in the upstream side of  ARs . We thus consider that  eDNA  distribution is more influenced by actual distribution patterns than by the transport processes.

﻿The relationship between eDNA density distribution and current fields around an artificial reef in the waters of Tateyama Bay, Japan

The relationship between eDNA density distribution and current fields around an artificial reef in the waters of Tateyama Bay, Japan