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The false flower mantid is the common name for the   Mantodea   species    Harpagomantis   tricolor    (Linnaeus, 1758). This species uses camouflage as a defense mechanism. Limited information ( Kaltenbach 1996 ,  1998 ) exists on its distribution in southern Africa or about its life history. This species, and   Mantodea   to an extent, are not usually included in biodiversity studies from this region. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of this species in southern Africa based on museum collection records and to study the biology of    Harpagomantis   tricolor    under captive breeding conditions. The distribution of    Harpagomantis    and its morphological variety, i.e.,discolor   , were determined utilising the historical insect collection records of seven national museums throughout South Africa. Field collected    H.   tricolor    males and females were mated and reared under laboratory conditions to record their life history parameters of nymphal duration, oothecae structure, size and incubation duration, adult longevity, and sex ratio. The results of this study indicate that the mean duration of the lifecycle of    H.   tricolor    is 191.33 ± 37.96 days. All but three    H.   tricolor    individuals had five nymphal instars, and the mean duration of the nymphal stage was 140.20 ± 31.03 days. The mean duration of copulation was six hours, while the average incubation period of oothecae was 144.71 ± 9.33 days. These results indicate that oothecae of    H.   tricolor    probably overwinter under field conditions and that males of this species have evolved various mechanisms to increase the likelihood of ensuring their own genetic offspring. This study bridges the gap in rudimental research in which   Mantodea  , in general, has been overlooked and establishes a basis on which ecological interactions, habitat preferences, and imminent threats to    H.   tricolor    can be established.

journal of orthoptera research

Life history of the false flower mantid (   Harpagomantis   tricolor    Linnaeus, 1758) (  Mantodea  :   Galinthiadidae  ) and its distribution in southern Africa