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Wing interference patterns ( WIPs ) are color patterns of insect wings caused by thin film interference. Thin film interference is the same phenomenon responsible for the refracted spectral colors sometimes visible on soap bubbles. Insect  WIPs  are static patterns due to the variable thickness of wing membranes and the colors produced depend on the thicknesses of wing membranes. While  WIPs  have been studied in several taxa of small insects, they have not been broadly adopted by insect taxonomists. We surveyed  WIPs  in one moderate-sized genus of parasitoid wasps,    Parapanteles    (  Braconidae  :   Microgastrinae  ). Using an inexpensive microscope camera set-up and free imaging and analysis software, we detected consistent WIP differences between    Parapanteles    species. In some cases,  WIPs  can be used to diagnose sibling species that would otherwise require SEM images to differentiate or DNA barcodes. Wing interference patters are an underemployed character that may be similarly useful in many other taxa of small clear-winged insects.

journal of hymenoptera research

﻿The wing interference patterns (WIPs) of    Parapanteles    (  Braconidae  ,   Microgastrinae  ): demonstrating a powerful and accessible tool for species-level identification of small and clear winged insects

﻿The wing interference patterns (WIPs) of Parapanteles ( Braconidae , Microgastrinae ): demonstrating a powerful and accessible tool for species-level identification of small and clear winged insects

The wing interference patterns (WIPs) of Parapanteles ( Braconidae , Microgastrinae ): demonstrating a powerful and accessible tool for species-level identification of small and clear winged insects