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The earliest representatives of   Chalcidoidea   are described from Barremian age Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber and classified in   Protoitidae   Ulmer &amp; Krogmann,  fam. nov.  (  Hymenoptera  :   Chalcidoidea  ).   Protoitidae   exhibits a high morphological diversity of the terminal metasomal tergum which may indicate a broad spectrum of oviposition capabilities and the ability to occupy a diverse range of ecological niches.   Protoitidae   comprises two genera,    Protoita    Ulmer &amp; Krogmann,  gen. nov. , and    Cretaxenomerus    Nel &amp; Azar, 2005 based on    C.   jankotejai    Nel &amp; Azar, 2005, which is transferred from   Scelionidae   (  Hymenoptera  :   Platygastroidea  ) to   Protoitidae  . Together, 10 new species, all by Ulmer and Krogmann, are described in the two included genera–   Protoita   bidentata   ,    P.   istvani   ,    P.   noyesi   ,    P.   petersi   ,    Cretaxenomerus   brevis   ,    C.   curvus   ,    C.   deangelis   ,    C.   mirari   ,    C.   tenuipenna   , and    C.   vitreus   . Keys to the genera and species of   Protoitidae   are provided. In addition, we examine the postulated plesiomorphies and apomorphies within   Chalcidoidea   with respect to the fossil record, and provide additional hypotheses on their biogeographic origins.

﻿At the dawn of megadiversity – Protoitidae , a new family of Chalcidoidea ( Hymenoptera ) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber

At the dawn of megadiversity – Protoitidae , a new family of Chalcidoidea ( Hymenoptera ) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber