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Similar to many vertebrate and invertebrate species, many fig wasp species are fighting other members of their species for mates. Fighting between the males of many non-pollinating fig wasp species involves injuries and fatalities. Studies have shown that large males fight for mates, whereas conspecific small males tend to adopt nonfighting, sneaky behaviors. To analyze male morphs in two non-pollinating fig wasps (   Philotrypesis   taida    Wong &amp; Shiao, 2018 and    Sycorycteridea   taipeiensis    Wong &amp; Shiao, 2018) associated with the fig tree    Ficus   benguetensis   , the head and mandible allometry and injuries were examined as well as the morphologies of their heads and mandibles. Male fig wasps of these two nonpollinating species can be divided into two morphological groups according to their head and mandible shapes. Approximately 88% of the    Philotrypesis    and 62% of the    Sycorycteridea    males were injured and no males belonging to largest morphs were decapitated. Moreover, nearly 31% of the    Philotrypesis    and 45% of the    Sycorycteridea    males left their natal figs. No difference in injury level or male exit rate between the male morphs was observed. This study reveals slight morphological and behavioral differences that may hint towards different mating strategies among morphs.

Fighting injuries, fig exit, and dimorphism in two species of sycoryctine fig wasp ( Chalcidoidea , Pteromalidae )