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Background:  Antimicrobial photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) with indocyanine green (ICG) is an adjuvant therapeutic approach in the treatment of periodontitis. To explore whether PTT/PDT with ICG causes cell death by apoptosis in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells, BAX and BCL-2 genes expression as key events for apoptosis were evaluated in this study.Materials and methods:  HGF cells were treated with: 1) different concentrations (500–2000 µg/mL) of ICG alone, 2) Diode laser irradiation alone with a fluency of 39.06 J/cm 2 ; 3) PTT/PDT combined different concentrations (500–2000 µg/mL) of ICG with an 808 nm diode laser with a fluency of 39.06 J/cm 2 , and 4) controls (untreated cells). After that, BAX and BCL-2 messenger RNA levels were evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Results:  PTT/PDT with 500 µg/mL of ICG caused significant increases in the expression of the BAX gene, with an 8.5-fold increase, which was approximately 7- and 8.5-fold higher than PTT/PDT with ICG for 1500 and 2000 µg/mL of ICG, respectively, indicating induction of apoptosis in HGF cells. ICG (in different test concentrations), diode laser, and PTT/PDT with ICG (1500 and 2000 µg/mL of ICG) treatment displayed insignificant increases in expression levels of BAX (all  p &gt;0.05). Our experiments showed an insignificant increase (1.1–1.6-fold) in the expression of BCL-2 after ICG, diode laser, and PTT/PDT with ICG treatment (all  p &gt;0.05).Conclusions:  This study suggests that various concentration of ICG can be the diverse expression of  BAX  responses to PTT/PDT on HGF cells.

folia medica

The Effect of Indocyanine Green Antimicrobial Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy on the Expression of BCL-2 and BAX Messenger RNA Levels in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells