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Background:  The purpose of the present study was to produce a pcDNA3.1(+)- ureA  recombinant vector and evaluate the capacity of this vector to stimulate the immune response against  H. pylori  infection in infused BALB/c mice.Materials and methods:  The pcDNA3.1(+)- ureA  construct was prepared and transformed into  E. coli , successfully. The animals we used in the study were allotted into three groups for infusion of 1) recombinant plasmid, 2) pcDNA3.1(+)- ureA  + nanoparticles, and 3) pcDNA3.1(+). Blood and tissue specimens from each group of mice were collected at days 15, 30, and 45 after the last infusion and the expression levels of cytokines such as TGF-&amp;beta;1, IL-4, and IFN&amp;gamma; genes comparing to GAPDH as well as the expression of ureA in the mice&amp;rsquo;s thigh muscle were evaluated.Results:  The genes expression analysis showed that the IL4 expression significantly decreased ( p &amp;lt;0.001) but IFN&amp;gamma; and TGF-&amp;beta;1 expression increased in the blood of infused mice ( p &amp;lt;0.001). Also, the urea expression level in pcDNA3.1(+)- urea  and pcDNA3.1(+)- ureA + nanoparticle 15, 30, and 45 days after the last infusion was significantly different ( p &amp;lt;0.001) and its expressions at days 15 and 30 were significantly different ( p &amp;lt;0.001), but 45 days after the last infusion it was not significantly different ( p &amp;gt;0.05).Conclusion:  The pcDNA3.1(+)- ureA  recombinant vector with or without chitosan nanoparticles can stimulate the immune response in animal models against  H. pylori  infection. Also, after combining the recombinant vector with nanoparticles we observed a better immune response was observed. In future studies this recombinant construct can be used as a biomarker and therapeutic approaches in eukaryotic systems.

Evaluation of the Immune Response Against Helicobacter pylori in Infused BALB/c Mice by pcDNA3.1(+)- ureA