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This study focuses on the genus    Dioncomena    and its acoustics, particularly the unique songs produced by male    Dioncomena    that consist of several distinct elements in a fixed sequence, culminating in a coda that typically elicits a response from a receptive female. We also examine the inflated pronotal lobes, which we term prebullae, that are prominently developed in some    Dioncomena    species but not in others. We discuss the role of prebullae in the context of acoustic communication in    Dioncomena    and other related   Phaneropterini   genera that have similar lateral pronotal lobes. We found that prebullae size is correlated with habitat distribution, with larger prebullae occurring in isolated species while aggregation-prone species have smaller or less pronounced prebullae. Using micro-computer tomography we show sexual dimorphism in the 3D geometry of the acoustic tracheae, being larger in the male. Interestingly, the tracheae are coupled by a septum, like in field crickets, which suggests potential cross talk.We define three groups of    Dioncomena    based on altitude preferences, ecology, color patterns, and songs: thejagoi   -,tanneri   -, andornata   -groups. We describe the songs of several species, including newly identified species such as    D.   flavoviridis    sp. nov. ,    D.   magombera    sp. nov. ,    D.   ngurumontana    sp. nov. ,    D.   sanje    sp. nov. ,    D.   tanneri   ,    D.   versicolor    sp. nov. , and    D.   zernyi   . We also provide information on the nymphs, development time, and mating behavior of various species reared in the laboratory, shedding light on their phenology and adaptations to their habitats.

deutsche entomologische zeitschrift

Bush-crickets with very special ears and songs – review of the East African   Phaneropterinae   genus    Dioncomena    Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, with notes on its biogeography and the description of new species