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The blue butterfly species   Polyommatus  ( Plebicula )  atlanticus   (Elwes, 1906) (  Lepidoptera  ,   Lycaenidae  ) is known to have a very high haploid number of chromosomes (n=  circa  223). However, this approximate count made by Hugo de Lesse 45 years ago was based on analysis of a single meiotic I metaphase plate, not confirmed by study of diploid chromosome set and not documented by microphotographs. Here I demonstrate that (1)    P.   atlanticus    is a diploid (non-polyploid) species, (2) its meiotic I chromosome complement includes at least 224-226 countable chromosome bodies, and (3) all (or nearly all) chromosome elements in meiotic I karyotype are represented by bivalents. I also provide the first data on the diploid karyotype and estimate the diploid chromosome number as 2n=ca448-452. Thus,    P.   atlanticus    is confirmed to possess the highest chromosome number among all the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms.

comparative cytogenetics

The blue butterfly   Polyommatus  ( Plebicula )  atlanticus   (  Lepidoptera  ,   Lycaenidae  ) holds the record of the highest number of chromosomes in the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms