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Even though genetic aspects of some cichlids have been widely studied over the last decades, little is known about the genomic structure of   Cichlidae   when compared to the large number of species in the family. In this paper, the first chromosomal data for    Cichlasoma   sanctifranciscense    Kullander, 1983 are presented and discussed based on cytotaxonomic and karyoevolutionary inferences on   Cichlasomatini  . All individuals shared a diploid number of 2n=48 distributed as 10sm+28st+10a and Ag-NORs on short arms of a submetacentric pair. Heterochromatin was detected at pericentromeric regions of most chromosomes and at terminal sites of a few pairs. GC-rich regions were observed on short arms of two biarmed pairs, including the pair bearing Ag-NORs. Double-FISH with ribosomal probes revealed 18S rDNA clusters coincident with GC-rich regions in two biarmed pairs and 5S rDNA at interstitial location of an acrocentric pair.    C.   sanctifranciscense    shares some symplesiomorphic traits described in   Cichlidae   (2n=48 and pericentromeric C-bands) while other chromosomal features diverge from the common trend reported in   Cichlasomatini  , such as multiple 18S rDNA sites combined with high FN values. Finally, the present results are useful to support taxonomic identification once species-specific markers have been provided in    C.   sanctifranciscense   .

comparative cytogenetics

First cytogenetic report in    Cichlasoma   sanctifranciscense    Kullander, 1983 (  Perciformes  ,   Cichlidae  ) from northeastern Brazil with inferences on chromosomal evolution of   Cichlasomatini