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Based on chromosomal, molecular and morphological analyses, two new    Cacopsylla    Ossiannilsson, 1970 species are described,    C.   lapponica    S. Nokkala &amp; Ch. Nokkala,  sp. nov.  and    C.   borealis    S. Nokkala et Ch. Nokkala,  sp. nov.  (  Hemiptera  ,   Psylloidea  ).    C.   lapponica    is a rare bisexual alpine species living on    Vaccinium   uliginosum    Linnaeus, 1753 above tree line on northern hills, where it forms sympatric populations with    C.   myrtilli    W. Wagner, 1947. So far, the species has been found in northern Finland, Utsjoki and Kilpisjärvi, and in northern Sweden, Abisko. The chromosome number in males is 2n = 12+X(0), characteristic of psyllids. The species is easily distinguished from    C.   myrtilli    by its conspicuously smaller size mainly due to difference in wing size. Additional morphological differences are found in the length of antennae, female genital plates and male parameres.    C.   borealis   , in turn, is a relatively common apomictic parthenogenetic species with 5n = 60 +  living on the same host plant,    Ledum   palustre    Linnaeus, 1753, as    C.   ledi    (Flor, 1861) and occasionally forming sympatric populations with it. No males have been recorded in    C.   borealis   . Its distribution range reaches at least from northern Fennoscandia to Lake Baikal in the East.    C.   borealis    can be distinguished from    C.   ledi    by differences in the length and width of antennae, dark brown markings on the wing and female terminal structures. For molecular analysis, a 638 bp fragment of the mitochondrial  COI  gene was sequenced.    C.   lapponica    differs from the cohabitating    C.   myrtilli    by 20 fixed nucleotide substitutions (uncor rected p-distance 3.13 %), while    C.   borealis    differs from    C.   ledi    by 21 fixed nucleotide substitutions (uncorrected p-distance 3.29 %). Molecular phylogeny construction ( ML  and  BI ) reveals two highly divergent clades, one comprising two bisexual species,    C.   lapponica    and    C.   fraudatrix    Labina &amp; Kuznetsova, 2012, and the other clade comprising the parthenogenetic species    C.   borealis   ,    C.   myrtilli   , and    C.   ledi   . Within this clade,    C.   borealis    is more closely associated with    C.   myrtilli    than with    C.   ledi   .

comparative cytogenetics

Description of two new species of the genus    Cacopsylla    Ossiannilsson, 1970 (  Hemiptera  ,   Psylloidea  ) from northern Fennoscandia recognized by morphology, cytogenetic characters and  COI  barcode sequence