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Representatives of the order   Labriformes   show karyotypes of extreme conservatism together with others with high chromosomal diversification. However, the cytological characterization of epigenetic modifications remains unknown for the majority of the species. In the family   Labridae  , the most abundant fishes on tropical reefs, the genomes of the genus    Bodianus    Bloch, 1790 have been characterized by the occurrence of a peculiar chromosomal region, here denominated BOD. This region is exceptionally decondensed, heterochromatic, argentophilic, GC-neutral and, in contrast to classical secondary constrictions, shows no signals of hybridization with 18S rDNA probes. In order to characterize the BOD region, the methylation pattern, the distribution of  Alu  and  Tol 2 retrotransposons and of 18S and 5S rDNA sites, respectively, were analyzed by Fluorescence  In Situ  Hybridization ( FISH ) on metaphase chromosomes of two    Bodianus    species,    B.   insularis    Gomon &amp; Lubbock, 1980 and    B.   pulchellus    (Poey, 1860). Immunolocalization of the 5-methylcytosine revealed hypermethylated chromosomal regions, dispersed along the entire length of the chromosomes of both species, while the BOD regions exhibited a hypomethylated pattern. Hypomethylation of the BOD region is associated with the precise co-location of  Tol 2 and  Alu  elements, suggesting their active participation in the regulatory epigenetic process. This evidence underscores a probable differential methylation action during the cell cycle, as well as the role of  Tol 2/ Alu  elements in functional processes of fish genomes.

Differential hypomethylation of the repetitive Tol2/Alu -rich sequences in the genome of Bodianus species ( Labriformes , Labridae )