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The genomes of five    Agropyron    Gaertner, 1770 species were characterized using all potential di- or trinucleotide simple sequence repeat ( SSR ) motifs and four satellite DNA repeats as fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ) probes. The sites of 5S and 45S rDNA were relatively conserved among the diploid and tetraploid species. A number of sites for the dinucleotide SSRs AC, AG, and pSc119.2 was detected in all investigated species except    A.   mongolicum    Keng, 1938. Several different trinucleotide SSRs were identified in different tetraploid species. All    Agropyron    species were suggested to include the basic P genome, although genome differentiation was still observed. The P genome of    A.   mongolicum    was distinct from that of the diploid    A.   cristatum    (Linnaeus, 1753) Gaertner, 1770. and other tetraploid species, with no hybridizations for AC, AG, or pSc119.2 observed. This finding supports designation of the P genomes of    A.   cristatum    and    A.   mongolicum    as P c  and P m , respectively. An exceptional 5S rDNA site revealed in one set of homoeologous chromosomes strongly supports the allopolyploid origin of    A.   desertorum    (Fischer ex Link, 1821) Schultes, 1824. However, the diploid donors to    A.   desertorum    need further investigation. Similarly, the unique  FISH  pattern of a pair of 5S rDNA-carrying chromosomes was indicative of a potential allopolyploid origin for    A.   fragile    (Roth, 1800) Candargy, 1984. The conserved distribution of 5S and 45S rDNA suggests    A.   cristatum    (4x) and    A.   michnoi    Roshevitz, 1929 are closely related. Two forms of B chromosomes were identified among individuals    A.   mongolicum    and    A.   desertorum    plants.

Diversification of the P genome among Agropyron Gaertn. ( Poaceae ) species detected by FISH