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The family   Doradidae   (  Siluriformes  ) is an important group of fishes endemic to freshwater ecosystems in South America. Some cytogenetic studies have been conducted focused on the group; however, there are no reports on the occurrence of B chromosomes for the family. In this paper the chromosomal characteristics of    Platydoras   armatulus    (Valenciennes, 1840),    Pterodoras   granulosus    (Valenciennes, 1821) and    Ossancora   punctata    (Kner, 1855) were investigated through classical cytogenetics approaches. The conventional staining reveals 2n=58 in    Platydoras   armatulus    and    Pterodoras   granulosus   , however with distinct karyotypic formulae, possibly originated by pericentric inversions. In    Ossancora   punctata    a derivate karyotype was described with 2n=66 and predominance of acrocentric chromosomes. The C banding pattern was resolutive in discriminating the three species, being considered an important cytotaxonomic marker. All species showed B chromosomes totally heterochromatic with non-Mendelian segregation during meiosis and low frequencies in mitotic cells. The probably origin of these additional elements was through fragmentations of chromosomes of the standard complement, which occurred recently and independently in these three species. The diploid number observed in    O.   punctata    is an evidence of centric fusions and up to the moment it is the highest diploid number reported for   Doradidae  .

First report of B chromosomes in three neotropical thorny catfishes ( Siluriformes , Doradidae )