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The diploid number 2n = 30 is a presumed synapomorphy of    Dendropsophus    Fitzinger, 1843, although a noticeable variation in the number of biarmed/telocentric chromosomes is observed in this genus. Such a variation suggests that several chromosomal rearrangements took place after the evolutionary origin of the hypothetical ancestral 30-chromosome karyotype; however, the inferred rearrangements remain unknown. Distinct numbers of telocentric chromosomes are found in the two most cytogenetically studied species groups of    Dendropsophus   . In contrast, all three species of the    Dendropsophus   marmoratus    (Laurenti, 1768) group that are already karyotyped presented five pairs of telocentric chromosomes. In this study, we analyzed cytogenetically three additional species of this group to investigate if the number of telocentric chromosomes in this group is not as variable as in other    Dendropsophus    groups. We described the karyotypes of    Dendropsophus   seniculus    (Cope, 1868),    D.   soaresi    (Caramaschi &amp; Jim, 1983) and    D.   novaisi    (Bokermann, 1968) based on Giemsa staining, C-banding, silver impregnation and  in situ  hybridization with telomeric probes.    Dendropsophus   seniculus   ,    D.   soaresi    and    D.   novaisi    presented five pairs of telocentric chromosomes, as did the remaining species of the group previously karyotyped. Though the species of this group show a high degree of karyotypic similarity,    D.   soaresi    was unique in presenting large blocks of het- ITSs  (heterochromatic internal telomeric sequences) in the majority of the centromeres. Although the  ITSs  have been interpreted as evidence of ancestral chromosomal fusions and inversions, the het- ITSs  detected in the karyotype of    D.   soaresi    could not be explained as direct remnants of ancestral chromosomal rearrangements because no evidence of chromosomal changes emerged from the comparison of the karyotypes of all of the species of the    D.   marmoratus    group.

comparative cytogenetics

Comparative cytogenetics of tree frogs of the    Dendropsophus   marmoratus    (Laurenti, 1768) group: conserved karyotypes and interstitial telomeric sequences