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Corydoras    Lacepède, 1803 is the most specious genus of   Corydoradinae   subfamily and many of its species are still unknown in relation to molecular cytogenetic markers. However, the diploid number and karyotypic formula were recorded for many species of this group. In current study, we provided the first cytogenetic information of    Corydoras   carlae    Nijssen &amp; Isbrücker, 1983, an endemic fish species from Iguassu River basin, Paraná State, Brazil. The individuals were collected in Florido River, a tributary of Iguassu River and analysed with respect to diploid number, heterochromatin distribution pattern,  Ag-NORs  and mapping of 5S and 18S ribosomal genes. The karyotype of this species comprises 46 chromosomes arranged in 22m+22sm+2st. The heterochromatin is distributed in centromeric and pericentromeric positions in most of the chromosomes, and also associated with NORs. The  Ag-NORs  were detected in the terminal position on the long arm of the metacentric pair 6. The double- FISH  technique showed that 5S rDNA and 18S rDNA were co-localized in the terminal portion on the long arm of the metacentric pair 6. This condition of co-localization of ribosomal genes in    C.   carlae    seems to represent a marker for this species.

comparative cytogenetics

An uncommon co-localization of rDNA 5S with major rDNA clusters in   Callichthyidae   (  Siluriformes  ): a report case in    Corydoras   carlae    Nijssen &amp; Isbrücker, 1983