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Myrmeleontidae  , commonly known as “antlions”, are the most diverse family of the insect order   Neuroptera  , with over 1700 described species (in 191 genera) of which 37 species (in 21 genera) have so far been studied in respect to standard karyotypes. In the present paper we provide first data on the occurrence of the “insect-type” telomeric repeat (TTAGG)  n   and location of 18S rDNA clusters in the antlion karyotypes studied using fluorescence  in situ  hybridization ( FISH ). We show that males of    Palpares   libelluloides    (Linnaeus, 1764) (  Palparinae  ),    Acanthaclisis   occitanica    (Villers, 1789) (  Acanthaclisinae  ) and    Distoleon   tetragrammicus    (Fabricius, 1798) (  Nemoleontinae  ) have rDNA clusters on a large bivalent, two last species having an additional rDNA cluster on one of the sex chromosomes, most probably the X. (TTAGG)  n   - containing telomeres are clearly characteristic of    P.   libelluloides    and    A.   occitanica   ; the presence of this telomeric motif in    D.   tetragrammicus    is questionable. In addition, we detected the presence of the (TTAGG)  n   telomeric repeat in    Libelloides   macaronius    (Scopoli, 1763) from the family   Ascalaphidae   (owlflies), a sister group to the   Myrmeleontidae  . We presume that the “insect” motif (TTAGG)  n   was present in a common ancestor of the families   Ascalaphidae   and   Myrmeleontidae   within the neuropteran suborder   Myrmeleontiformia  .

Cytogenetic study on antlions ( Neuroptera , Myrmeleontidae ): first data on telomere structure and rDNA location