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Wrasses (  Labridae  ) are extremely diversified marine fishes, whose species exhibit complex interactions with the reef environment. They are widely distributed in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Their species have displayed a number of karyotypic divergent processes, including chromosomal regions with complex structural organization. Current cytogenetic information for this family is phylogenetically and geographically limited and mainly based on conventional cytogenetic techniques. Here, the distribution patterns of heterochromatin, GC-specific chromosome regions and Ag- NORs , and the organization of 18S and 5S rDNA sites of the Atlantic species    Thalassoma   noronhanum    (Boulenger, 1890),    Halichoeres   poeyi    (Steindachner, 1867),    Halichoeres   radiatus    (Linnaeus, 1758),    Halichoeres   brasiliensis    (Bloch, 1791) and    Halichoeres   penrosei    Starks, 1913, belonging to the tribe   Julidini   were analyzed. All the species exhibited 2n=48 chromosomes with variation in the number of chromosome arms among genera.    T.   noronhanum    has 2m+46a, while species of the genus    Halichoeres    Rüppell, 1835 share karyotypes with 48 acrocentric chromosomes. The    Halichoeres    species exhibit differences in the heterochromatin distribution patterns and in the number and distribution of 18S and 5S rDNA sites. The occurrence of 18S/5S rDNA syntenic arrangements in all the species indicates a functionally stable and adaptive genomic organization. The phylogenetic sharing of this rDNA organization highlights a marked and unusual chromosomal singularity inside the family   Labridae  .

Co-located 18S/5S rDNA arrays: an ancient and unusual chromosomal trait in Julidini species ( Labridae , Perciformes )