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BackgroundIn Morocco, many uncertainties surround the current diversity and distribution of the bivalve family   Sphaeriidae  . Such information, including taxonomy and conservation status, are vital for further studies to improve the knowledge of this family in Morocco and represents the first step towards the development of a national conservation plan for all freshwater bivalves.Between 2016 and 2019, several investigations were carried out to assess the diversity and distribution of   Sphaeriidae   in the different basins of Morocco, covering different types of habitat (lakes, springs, rivers and small ponds). The identification of specimens and their morpho-ecological features was based on morphological and morphometric analyses. The data on the general distribution of the collected species allowed the evaluation of their conservation status as well.The shell morphology and morphometric analyses revealed the existence of five species belonging to the genus    Pisidium    [   P.   casertanum    (Poli, 1791),    P.    (cf.)personatum    Malm, 1855,    P.   subtruncatum    Malm, 1855,    P.   amnicum    (O. F. Müller, 1774) and    Pisidium    sp.] and one species to the genus of    Musculium    [   M.   lacustre    (O. F. Müller, 1774)].   Sphaeriidae   were found in all Moroccan basins, except Bouregreg and Sakia El Hamra-Oued Eddahab Basins. The results showed that Sebou Basin was the species richest with the occurrence of the five species, while Loukkos and Sous-Massa Basins had the lowest-species richness with one species only. The conservation status of sphaeriids in Morocco was evaluated for the first time and resulted in    P.    (cf.)personatum    and    P.   subtruncatum    being proposed as Least Concern and Vulnerable, respectively, while the status of Regionally Extinct is suggested for both species    P.   amnicum    and    M.   lacustre   .New informationFirst evaluation of the diversity and species richness of the family   Sphaeriidae   in Morocco with an assignment of an updated conservation status of the recorded species.

The fingernail clams ( Bivalvia : Veneroida : Sphaeriidae ) of Morocco: Diversity, distribution and conservation status