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BackgroundMendogia    belongs to   Dothideomycetes   and its members are epiphytic on living bamboo culms or palms and distributed in tropical regions. Currently, the genus comprises seven species. Another collection resembling    Mendogia    was collected from the leaves of    Fagales    sp. in Thailand. Morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analyses, using ITS, LSU and SSU sequences, showed that the fungus is new to science, described herein as    Mendogia   diffusa   .    Mendogia   diffusa    is characterised by apothecial ascostromata, a carbonised epithecium, dark brown setae on the ascostromatal surface, hyaline paraphysoids, ovoid to clavate asci and oblong to elliptical, muriform ascospores. The fungus has a dark pigmented surface and is occasionally facultatively associated with patches of green algae, but not actually lichenised. Instead, the fungus penetrates the upper leaf surface, forming dark pigmented isodiametric cells below the epidermis.New informationRe-examination of specimens of    M.   chiangraiensis   ,    M.   macrostroma    and    M.   yunnanensis    revealed the absence of algal associations. The status of    Mendogia   philippinensis    (=    M.   calami   ) and    M.   bambusina    (=    Uleopeltis   bambusina   ) was established, based on morphological comparisons and previous studies. Comprehensive morphological descriptions with phylogenetic analyses support    M.   diffusa    as a novel species in    Myriangiaceae   . An updated key to the known species of the genus is also provided.

Mendogia diffusa sp. nov. and an updated key to the species of Mendogia ( Myriangiaceae , Dothideomycetes )