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BackgroundThe unusual holopelagic annelid    Poeobius   meseres    Heath, 1930 (  Flabelligeridae  ) was first collected from Monterey Bay, California and has been subsequently recorded across the northern Pacific from Japan to the Gulf of California. Rare occurrences in the eastern tropical Pacific have extended as far as 7° S off Peru.New informationUsing molecular phylogenetic analysis of a newly-collected specimen from the Salas y Gómez Ridge off Chile, we extend the known geographic range of    P.   meseres    southwards by 2040 km. This subtropical specimen showed higher genetic similarity to a specimen from the type locality (&lt; 1.5% pairwise COI distance) than to representatives from the Aleutian Islands and Japan (5-6%), establishing the first genetically-confirmed occurrence of this species in the Southern Hemisphere. The latitudinal range of    P.   meseres    encompasses the sole collection locality, off Ecuador, of    Enigma   terwielii    Betrem, 1925, a pelagic annelid which has been compared to    P.   meseres   , but is indeterminable due to an inadequate description. We therefore suggest that the earlier sole record of    E.   terwielii    may have been an occurrence of what is known now as    P.   meseres   .

A new southern record of the holopelagic annelid Poeobius meseres Heath, 1930 ( Flabelligeridae )