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BackgroundIn this study, we clarify the classification of museum specimens of the family   Viviparidae  , which is composed of six species/subspecies in Japan, including three endangered species. We examined    Viviparus   sclateri    specimens from the Tomotaro Iwakawa collection (1855-1933) in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. The Iwakawa's collection was catalogued in 1919 and    Viviparus   sclateri   , labelled with Naga-tanishi, the current Japanese name for    H.   longispira   , which was, at the time, equivalent to    Viviparus   sclateri   , was listed in this catalogue. The catalogue noted localities of    Viviparus   sclateri    (Naga-tanishi) from outside Lake Biwa, including occurrences in Lake Kasumigaura and Lake Suwa. However,    Heterogen   longispira    (Naga-tanishi) is currently considered to be endemic to Lake Biwa drainage. The actual status of    Viviparus   sclateri    in Iwakawa (1919) has not been clarified until now.New informationOur examination revealed that    Viviparus   sclateri    from Iwakawa’s catalogue included    H.   japonica   ,    H.   longispira    and    Sinotaia   quadrata   histrica   , based on current taxonomy. Specimens assigned to    H.   longispira    occurred only in Lake Biwa drainage.    Heterogen   japonica    was confirmed to be present in all lots and some    H.   japonica    from Lake Suwa had a distinctive morphology.    Sinotaia   quadrata   histrica    was only confirmed to occur in Lake Suwa. Furthermore, some specimens from southern Lake Biwa and the Seta River had intermediate characteristics between    H.   japonica    and    H.   longispira    and their populations are currently almost extinct.

biodiversity data journal

New insights from museum specimens: a case of   Viviparidae   (  Caenogastropoda  :   Mollusca  ) in Iwakawa’s collection preserved in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo