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BackgroundIn Europe, ticks are major vectors of both human and livestock pathogens (e.g. Lyme disease, granulocytic anaplasmosis, bovine babesiosis). Agricultural landscapes, where animal breeding is a major activity, constitute a mosaic of habitat types of various quality for tick survival and are used at different frequencies by wild and domestic hosts across seasons. This habitat heterogeneity, in time and space, conditions the dynamics of these host-vector-pathogen systems and thus drives acarological risk (defined as the density of infected ticks). The principal objective of the OSCAR project (2011-2016) was to examine the links between this heterogeneity and acarological risk for humans and their domestic animals. Here, we present the data associated with this project.New informationThis paper reports a database on the distribution and densities of    I.   ricinus    ticks - the most common tick species in French agricultural landscapes - and the prevalence of three tick-borne pathogens (   Anaplasma   phagocytophilum   ,    Borrelia    spp. and    Babesia    spp.) in two sites in north-western (“Zone Atelier Armorique”: ZA site) and south-western (“Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne”: VG site) France. The distribution and density of ticks along a gradient of wooded habitats, as well as biotic variables, such as the presence and abundance of their principal domestic (livestock) and wild hosts (small mammals), were measured from forest cores and edges to more or less isolated hedges, all bordering meadows. Ticks, small mammals and information on local environmental conditions were collected along 90 transects in each of the two sites in spring and autumn 2012 and 2013 and in spring 2014, corresponding to the main periods of tick activity. Local environmental conditions were recorded along each tick and small mammal transect: habitat type, vegetation type and characteristics, slope and traces of livestock presence. Samples consisted of questing ticks collected on the vegetation (mainly    I.   ricinus    nymphs), biopsies of captured small mammals and ticks fixed on small mammals. In the VG site, livestock occurrence and abundance were recorded each week along each tick transect.A total of 29004 questing ticks and 1230 small mammals were captured during the study across the two sites and over the five field campaigns. All questing nymphs (N = 12287) and questing adults (N = 646) were identified to species. Ticks from small mammals (N = 1359) were also identified to life stage. Questing nymphs (N = 4518    I.   ricinus   ) and trapped small mammals (N = 908) were analysed for three pathogenic agents:    A.   phagocytophilum   ,    Borrelia    spp. and    Babesia    spp.In the VG site, the average prevalence in    I.   ricinus    nymphs for    A.   phagocytophilum   ,    Borrelia    spp. and    Babesia    spp. were, respectively 1.9% [95% CI: 1.2-2.5], 2.5% [95% CI: 1.8-3.2] and 2.7% [95% CI: 2.0-3.4]. In small mammals, no    A.   phagocytophilum    was detected, but the prevalence for    Borrelia    spp. was 4.2% [95% CI: 0.9-7.5]. On this site, there was no screening of small mammals for    Babesia    spp. In ZA site, the average prevalence in nymphs for    A.   phagocytophilum   ,    Borrelia    spp. and    Babesia    were, respectively 2.2% [95% CI: 1.6-2.7], 3.0% [95% CI: 2.3-3.6] and 3.1% [95% CI: 2.5-3.8]. In small mammals, the prevalence of    A.   phagocytophilum    and    Borrelia    spp. were, respectively 6.9% [95% CI: 4.9-8.9] and 4.1% [95% CI: 2.7-5.9]. A single animal was found positive for    Babesia   microti    at this site amongst the 597 tested.

biodiversity data journal

Distribution of ticks, tick-borne pathogens and the associated local environmental factors including small mammals and livestock, in two French agricultural sites: the OSCAR database