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In this study, we aim to uncover diet preferences for the insectivorous bat    Nyctalus   leisleri    (Leisler's bat, the lesser noctule) and to provide recommendations for conservation of the species, based on the analysis of prey source habitats. Using a novel guano trap, we sampled bat faeces at selected roosts in a forest in Germany and tested two mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S) and three primer pairs for the metabarcoding of bat faecal pellets.We found a total of 17 arthropod prey orders comprising 358 species in    N.   leisleri    guano. The most diverse orders were   Lepidoptera   (126 species),   Diptera   (86 species) and   Coleoptera   (48 species), followed by   Hemiptera   (28 species),   Trichoptera   (16 species),   Neuroptera   (15 species) and   Ephemeroptera   (10 species), with   Lepidoptera   species dominating in spring and   Diptera   in summer. Based on the ecological requirements of the most abundant arthropod species found in the bat guano, we propose some recommendations for the conservation of    N.   leisleri    that are relevant for other insectivorous bat species.

Metabarcoding dietary analysis in the insectivorous bat Nyctalus leisleri and implications for conservation