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BackgroundWith the increasing recognition of the significance of arachnid conservation, it is crucial to allocate greater efforts towards implementing targeted monitoring programmes. Despite recent studies, our understanding of arachnid populations in Portugal remains limited. This study serves as the initial inventory of arachnids (  Araneae   and   Opiliones  ) within the Castro Verde Special Protection Area (SPA) located in Beja, southern Portugal. The surveys were conducted during the spring of 2012 across 80 open grasslands that were grazed by cattle and sheep.New informationA total of 71 species of   Araneae   and two species of   Opiliones   have been identified. Notably, three spider species, namely    Argenna   subnigra   ,    Civizelotes   ibericus    and    Walckenaeria   cucullata   , are documented for the first time in Portugal. Additionally, two harvestmen species (   Dasylobus   ibericus    and    Homalenotus   buchneri   ) and 14 spider species (   Cheiracanthium   pennatum   ,    Haplodrassus   rhodanicus   ,    Marinarozelotes   minutus   ,    Tapinocyba   algirica   ,    Agraecina   lineata   ,    Tibellus   macellus   ,    Talavera   petrensis   ,    Tetragnatha   intermedia   ,    Dipoena   umbratilis   ,    Enoplognatha   diversa   ,    Neottiura   uncinata   ,    Ruborridion   musivum   ,    Theridion   pinastri    and    Xysticus   grallator   ) are recorded for the first time in the Beja District. The occurrence of each documented species within the SPA, including family and species details, is presented, underscoring the significance of the Castro Verde SPA for arachnid conservation. These findings contribute novel insights into the biodiversity of the Castro Verde SPA, emphasising the necessity of incorporating this area into arachnid diversity conservation efforts.

Arachnid Fauna ( Araneae and Opiliones ) from the Castro Verde Special Protection Area, southern Portugal