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BackgroundThe aquatic snakes of the genus    Helicops    are widely distributed throughout northern South America, but understudied concerning some aspects, including morphological traits and distribution. The most recent publication that provided an identification key to all species of    Helicops    is over 50 years old. This key is of limited value today since it includes taxa no longer recognised and lacks 8 of the 19 species currently recognised. There never was a publication trying to summarise distributional and morphological information of all species of    Helicops   . Most knowledge of these species is distributed throughout many small publications, such as short observation notes.New informationHere, we present distribution maps (point records), an identification key and comments on identification for all species in this genus. We base our results on a comprehensive literature review of over 300 scientific publications and own examinations. Our examinations comprise 190 specimens of 10 of the 19 currently recognised species and one    Helicops    sp. We report range extensions for the species    H.   danieli   ,    H.   infrataeniatus   ,    H.   leopardinus   ,    H.   pastazae    and    H.   polylepis   .

Distribution and identification of the species in the genus Helicops Wagler, 1830 ( Serpentes , Colubridae , Xenodontinae )