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Camponotus    and    Colobopsis    are widely distributed and species-rich genera in the ant tribe   Camponotini  . Molecular phylogenetic studies demonstrate that they are not sister taxa, but several lineages within each genus have converged to a remarkable degree, confounding the taxonomy of these ants. Based on multiple lines of evidence, including worker and male morphology, we demonstrate that: (1) three species of “  Camponotus  ” belonging to the subgenusMyrmotemnus  , including its type species, are in fact members of the genus    Colobopsis   ; (2) four species previously assigned to   Colobopsis   belong to the subgenusMyrmamblys   of    Camponotus   ; and (3) three Nearctic taxa recently placed in    Colobopsis    are members of the genus    Camponotus    and closely related to    Camponotus   clarithorax   . These taxonomic findings yield the following new or revived combinations:    Colobopsis   moeschi    ( comb. nov. ),    Colobopsis   moeschi   lygaea    ( comb. nov. ),    Colobopsis   nutans    ( comb. nov. ),    Colobopsis   nutans   cleliae    ( comb. nov. ), and    Colobopsis   reichenspergeri    ( comb. nov. );    Camponotus   apostemata    ( comb. nov. ),    Camponotus   aurelianus    ( comb. rev. ),    Camponotus   cavibregma    ( comb. nov. ),    Camponotus   horrens    ( comb. rev. ),    Camponotus   politae    ( comb. rev. ),    Camponotus   trajanus    ( comb. rev. ), and    Camponotus   yogi    ( comb. rev. ). A further consequence is the following generic synonymy (senior synonym listed first):    Colobopsis    =    Myrmotemnus    syn. nov. , and    Camponotus    =    Dolophra    syn. rev.  At the species level, we argue that    Camponotus   apostemata    and    Camponotus   cavibregma    are junior synonyms ( syn. nov. ) of    Camponotus   yogi   , and    Camponotus   quercicola    is a junior synonym ( syn. nov. ) of    Ca.   laevigatus   . Taxonomic comments are also provided on some members of the    Camponotus   reticulatus    group, with    Camponotus   adustus    ( stat. nov. ) and    Ca.   leucodiscus    ( stat. rev. ) being recognized as distinct species rather than subspecies of    Ca.   bellus   . A male-based diagnosis of the   Camponotini   is provided, and differences between the males of    Colobopsis    and    Camponotus    are documented and illustrated for the first time. This study reveals new character systems of potential value to the systematics of these ants, including features of the male genitalia, and emphasizes the value of reciprocal illumination between phylogenomics and critical morphological analysis.

arthropod systematics andamp; phylogeny

Grappling with homoplasy: taxonomic refinements and reassignments in the ant genera    Camponotus    and    Colobopsis    (  Hymenoptera  :   Formicidae  )