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The omaliine rove beetle genus    Phlaeopterus    Motschulsky, 1853 contains 22 species. The genus is distributed across northwestern North America and eastern Asia. These beetles occur primarily along the edges of alpine snowfields and streams, habitats that are particularly sensitive to the impacts of climate change. Two species have not been collected since 1979 and 1984, one of which,    Phlaeopterus   bakerensis    Mullen and Campbell, 2018, is a contender for the largest-bodied species among the over 1,600 species of the subfamily   Omaliinae  . Here, we present the first phylogeny of the genus, using Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses based on DNA sequences from the mitochondrial gene  COI  and morphological data. We tested previous taxonomic hypotheses and most were rejected by all three analyses.    Phlaeopterus   castaneus    Casey, 1893 is non-monophyletic based on  COI  sequences and may have hybridized with    P.   loganensis    Hatch, 1957. We found support for the monophyly of the genus    Phlaeopterus   . Our analyses suggest the common ancestor of the genus had small-bodied adults (maximum body size under 5 mm) with ocelli. Within this small-bodied radiation of species, ocelli were lost once and there were two separate evolutionary transitions to large-bodied adults. Although all the large-bodied species are snowfield-associated and only 25% of the small-bodied species are, we did not find statistical support for a relationship between large body size and use of snowfield habitats. These findings represent the first modern phylogenetic reconstruction of species-level relationships within the rove beetle subfamily   Omaliinae   using both morphological and molecular data.

arthropod systematics andamp; phylogeny

Phylogeny and evolution of large body size in the rove beetle genus    Phlaeopterus    Motschulsky, 1853 (  Coleoptera  :   Staphylinidae  :   Omaliinae  :   Anthophagini  )