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Keysercythere   reticulata    sp. nov.  and    Redekea   abyssalis    sp. nov. , collected from the wood fall submerged in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (Northwestern Pacific), are only the second records of the naturally occurring, wood-associated ostracod fauna from a depth of over 5000 m. At the same time,    K.   reticulata    is the second and    R.   abyssalis    is the third representative of their respective genera. While    Keysercythere    Karanovic and Brandão, 2015 species are free-living, deep-sea taxa, all    Redekea    de Vos, 1953 live symbiotically on the body surface of wood-boring isopods,    Limnoria    spp. Since    R.   abyssalis    is the only genus representative found in the deep sea, we hypothesize that its ancestor colonized this ecosystem as a result of the symbiotic relationship. Newly collected material enabled us to update molecular phylogeny of   Cythreoidea   based on 18S rRNA gene sequences, especially to clarify the current systematics of the families   Keysercytheridae  ,   Limnocytheridae  , and   Paradoxostomatidae  . The resulting phylogenetic tree supports a close relationship between    Keysercythere    and    Redekea    and a distant relationship between two   Limnocytheridae   lineages,   Timiriaseviinae   and   Limnocytherinae  . Consequently, we propose a transfer of    Redekea    from   Paradoxostomatidae   to   Keysercytheridae  , and erecting of the two limnocytherid subfamilies onto the family level. The phylogenetic analysis also implies a close relationship between the nominal   Limnocytherinae   genus and    Keysercythere   +   Redekea    clade, albeit with a low posterior probability, requiring further studies to clarify this.

arthropod systematics andamp; phylogeny

Two new xylophile cytheroid ostracods (  Crustacea  ) from Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, with remarks on the systematics and phylogeny of the family   Keysercytheridae  ,   Limnocytheridae  , and   Paradoxostomatidae