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A new osmiine bee species,   Hoplitis  ( Hoplitis )  onosmaevae   sp. nov.  (  Megachilidae  ), is described. So far, this species is exclusively known from the Mercantour National Park in the southwestern French Alps and from mountainous ranges in Turkey and northern Iraq, two areas separated by at least 2000 km. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes revealed that    H.   onosmaevae    is closely related to    H.   adunca    (Panzer, 1798),    H.   benoisti    (Alfken, 1935) and    H.   manicata    (Morice, 1901).    Hoplitis   onosmaevae    is presumably narrowly oligolectic and harvests pollen only on flowers of    Onosma    L. (  Boraginaceae  ). It has a particularly long proboscis, which is probably an adaptation to collect nectar from the long-tubed flowers of this plant genus. The females collect pollen by buzzing the    Onosma    flowers, a rare behavior in megachilid bees. The species nests in insect burrows in dead wood, similar to    H.   adunca    and    H.   manicata    but unlike other closely related representatives of the subgenusHoplitis  , suggesting a single origin of nesting in dead wood and hollow stems in this lineage. In France,    H.   onosmaevae    inhabits alpine steppe-like habitats close to forests and appears to be extremely local, since only two populations are currently known. The conservation status of this extremely rare bee species in Europe is discussed.

alpine entomology

A new osmiine bee with a spectacular geographic disjunction:   Hoplitis  ( Hoplitis )  onosmaevae   sp. nov. (  Hymenoptera  ,   Anthophila  ,   Megachilidae  )