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Holocentrinae   and   Myripristinae   (  Holocentridae  ) are among the most apparent species in the nocturnal reef fish community. However, there is no clear assent regarding their phylogenetic relations, which is reported in their complicated taxonomic history. In this study,    Sargocentron   spinosissimum    (Temminck et Schlegel, 1843) and    Sargocentron   tiereoides    (Bleeker, 1853) were reported from the Mediterranean coast of Egypt (Damietta coast). This is the first record of these species which is greatly distributed across Indo-Pacific regions and eastern Africa showed the success of these species to migrate to the Mediterranean water with a good adaptation to the new habitats.In the presently reported study, 26 morphometric measurements were recorded and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COI ) barcodes were recovered for a total of 20 specimens (8 from    S.   spinosissimum    and 12 from    S.   tiereoides   ).The specimens from the Damietta coast, Egypt show character states diagnostic of    S.   spinosissimum   : Head is curved. Spinous dorsal fin base straight. Soft dorsal fin base slightly raised. Spinous dorsal fin membranes red. Anterior margin of pelvic and anal fins white. Other fin rays are red. While character states diagnostic of    S.   tiereoides   : Head is straight and pointed. Spinous dorsal fin base almost straight. Soft dorsal fin base not raised and spinous dorsal fin membranes vaguely red. Sequences of both species were submitted to the GenBank and Barcode of Life Database ( BOLD ) publication database which displayed 99%–100% similarity value    S.   tiereoides    from GenBank and  BOLD  databases but,    S.   spinosissimum    has not any deposited sequences from GenBank or  BOLD .DNA barcoding based on  COI  gene was demonstrated as a powerful and useful molecular marker in the identification and differentiation of    S.   spinosissimum    and    S.   tiereoides    fish species.

acta ichthyologica et piscatoria

First record of two squirrelfishes,    Sargocentron   spinosissimum    and    Sargocentron   tiereoides    (  Actinopterygii  ,   Beryciformes  ,   Holocentridae  ) from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast