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In radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), microbubbles appearing during the procedure make it difficult to determine effectiveness with ultrasonography (US) imaging. We developed a modified US-volume system and evaluated its efficacy for demonstrating response to therapeutic RFA. Our US-volume system displays multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images providing a synchronized view with a US image along with past US-volume data in real-time side-by-side on a personal computer. Seventy-eight patients (94 nodules) were enrolled, of whom 35 (47 nodules) were evaluated using this system (US-volume group) and compared to the other 43 (47 nodules) examined before development of our system (control group). All nodules were clearly depicted by US. If the shortage of margin was predicted with US-volume system, we performed additional needle insertion. Tumor necrosis following RFA was graded by dynamic computed tomography as follows: Grade A, necrotic area surrounded in all directions with an adequate margin (>or=5 mm); Grade B, necrotic area surrounded in all directions, though some margin areas <5 mm; and Grade C, residual tumor or necrotic area smaller than the target tumor. In the US-volume group, the average tumor size was not smaller than that in the control (15.9+/-4.9 vs. 16.0+/-4.3 mm) and adequate margins were obtained (Grade A, B, C, 45/1/1 vs. 35/8/4; P<0.01). Further, there was a significant reduction in numbers of RFA sessions as compared to the control (1.03+/-0.17 vs. 1.12+/-0.32; P<0.01). In HCC patients undergoing RFA, our modified US-volume system accurately demonstrated therapeutic response, which led to a reduced number of RFA sessions.

Modified technique for determining therapeutic response to radiofrequency ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma using US-volume system