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Breast cancer is heterogeneous and often hormone-dependent. There are manybreast cancer treatment options, including endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapyand targeted therapy. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to first-line treatments,and others will eventually relapse despite an initial response. Therapeutic optionsfor these patients are limited. In the past decade, several studies have demonstratedthe antitumor effect of celecoxib and luteolin in breast cancer as single treatment.The effect of combination treatment of celecoxib and luteolin in human breastcancer cells has not been well characterized. The present study examined the synergisticeffect of celecoxib and luteolin on the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 andMDA-MB-231. We analyzed cell proliferation, cell death, apoptosis and changesin protein expression by performing cell survival assays, apoptosis assays andwestern blotting. The combination treatment significantly decreased cancer cellviability, and it had a greater efficiency in killing tumor cells after 72 h oftreatment, compared to treatment with either agent alone or the control in a concentration-and time-dependent manner (P=0.01). The combination treatment demonstrated a greaterthan additive increase in breast cancer cell apoptosis (P=0.01). Decreased levelsof Akt phosphorylation (pAkt) were noted after celecoxib and luteolin combinationtreatment. The combination of celecoxib and luteolin provided superior inhibitionof breast cancer cell growth than either celecoxib or luteolin treatment alone.These results suggest that celecoxib and luteolin combination may be a new possibletreatment option for breast cancer.

Synergistic apoptotic effect of celecoxib and luteolin on breast cancer cells