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Photodynamic therapy has been developed as a viable treatment for cancer,while apoptin is an apoptosis-inducing protein. This study was undertaken to evaluatethe feasibility and efficacy of apoptin with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in thetreatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). RT-PCR and western blotting wereused to detect the expression of apoptin in CNE-2 NPC cells. MTT and flow cytometryanalysis were used to detect cell proliferation and cell apoptosis, respectively.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe cell structures. Hematoxylinand eosin staining was used to observe the xenograft morphology. The expressionof apoptin was analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting in CNE-2 cells stably transfectedwith PVP3 plasmid. Apoptin restrained cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosiscompared to controls. Furthermore, we demonstrated that apoptin augmented theeffect of PDT with stronger cell proliferation restraint and cell apoptosis andinduced severe ultrastructural morphology changes compared to controls. Additionally,we found that the combination of apoptin and PDT produced the strongest inhibitionof xenograft growth and tumor necrosis in in vivo experiments. Collectively, weshow that apoptin in combination with PDT has a better therapeutic effect in NPCthan PDT therapy or apoptin gene therapy alone.

Combination of apoptin with photodynamic therapy induces nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell death in vitro and in vivo